The Psychiatry and Addiction World Conference 2026 is a premier forum for lively debates on anxiety and depressive disorders, focusing on their neurobiological underpinnings, comorbidities, and novel diagnostics. Such complex mental illnesses are marked by emotional dysregulation, with anxiety disorders manifesting as excessive fear and hyperarousal and depressive disorders as persistent low mood and anhedonia. Shared mechanisms include dysregulation of the HPA axis and neuroinflammation. Moreover, treatments such as Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) and precision pharmacotherapy are transforming the face of mental health treatment. Together, we shall advance the frontiers of psychiatry, fostering more profound understanding and better treatment outcomes for those affected by these complex conditions.