This volume gathers the latest advances, innovations and applications in the field of sustainable construction materials and structures, as presented by leading international researchers and engineers at the 15th International scientific conference “Modern Building Materials, Structures and Techniques” (MBMST 2026), held in Vilnius, Lithuania on May 12–15, 2026. It covers topics such as modern building materials and their production technologies; investigation and design of reinforced concrete, steel, glass, timber and composite structures; bridges; geotechnics; new building technologies and management; building information modelling and case studies. The contributions, being selected through a rigorous international peer-review process, share exciting ideas that will spur novel research directions and foster new multidisciplinary collaborations.