https://gynecology.magnusconferences.com/program/scientific-sessions/normal-labour-and-birth
Normal labor and birth constitute a profound physiological process, marking the inception of new life. It is a meticulously orchestrated series of events that unfold within a woman's body, bringing about the miraculous transition from pregnancy to parenthood. This natural journey typically transpires over three distinctive stages: the dilation and effacement of the cervix, the descent and delivery of the baby, and the expulsion of the placenta. The first stage involves the rhythmic contractions of the uterine muscles, aiming to open the cervix to allow the baby's passage. This phase is often the longest but sets the stage for the subsequent moments of profound change. The second stage heralds the arrival of the baby, as the mother actively participates by pushing. The final stage, while relatively brief, involves the expulsion of the placenta, completing the birthing process.